Brief about Artificial intelligence in functional and nonfunctional Neuro-spine surgery
Robotics is a fast moving discipline which in tandem with advances in artificial intelligence and machine learning and it is transforming the practice of neurosurgery along with reduce operating times and provide the same or even greater resective margins with minimal access surgery.
Handheld .
This instrument is held by the surgeon and the robot and allows finer dissection and elimination of tremor and muscle fatigue. Which can be controlled to perform endoscopic procedures as well as tumor resection.
Adjustment .
Robotic system is capable of executing and planning the movement of surgical instruments held by the robot arm in terms of amplitude, speed (micro-and macro-adjustment) and trajectory in space, and allows the surgeon to navigate and guide the instruments held by the robot arm .
Clinical Impact .
A robotic system being used worldwide in neurosurgery, It is extremely useful for stereotactic procedures.
- Insertion of Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) electrodes.
- Biopsy of deeply seated complex tumor.
- Multiple depth electrodes for stereoencephalography (SEEG).
- Placement of microcatheters for targeted chemotherapy in gliomas.
- And insertion of pedicle screws in the spine, It can be used in excellent accuracy with robotic placement.
How much useful in epilepsy surgery through Artificial intelligence (AI).
The minimal access and reduced complications have seen a change in practice in epilepsy surgery, where depth electrodes inserted with a robot is replacing the use of grids and strips inserted through craniotomies. However, much wider sampling is possible with multiple depth electrodes and SEEG, leading to a much higher diagnostic yield.
Conclusion Artificial intelligence (AI).
Significant advances have been made in neuro-endoscopy and minimal access in the neuro-spine surgery. The advantage over using a conventional stand for endoscope is that the robot can mark out a safety zone, which stops the surgeon from straying and accidentally injuring important structures .
At present the robot is used mainly as a stand, freeing up a surgeon’s hand and reducing muscle fatigue and better outcome.
Artificial intelligence (AI).
It has a potential to revolutionize IONM by improving the accuracy and efficiency of neural monitoring, aiding in surgical decision-making, and enhancing patient outcomes. Here are some ways AI can be integrated into IONM.
Data Analysis and Interpretation.
AI algorithms can analyze large volumes of data generated during IONM procedures more efficiently than humans. They can detect patterns, anomalies, and trends in real-time, helping surgeons identify potential risks to the nervous system during surgery.
Predictive Analytics.
AI models can predict the likelihood of nerve injury or complications based on patient data, surgical parameters, and historical cases. This can assist surgeons in preemptively adjusting their approach to minimize risks during surgery.
Automated Alerts and Notifications.
AI systems can continuously monitor IONM signals and automatically alert surgical teams to any significant changes or deviations from normal patterns. This early warning system can prompt immediate intervention, potentially preventing nerve damage or other complications.
Surgical Navigation:
AI-powered surgical navigation systems can integrate IONM data with imaging techniques such as MRI or CT scans to provide real-time feedback on the proximity of surgical instruments to critical nerves and structures. This helps surgeons navigate more safely and precisely during complex procedures.
Personalized Treatment Planning.
AI algorithms can analyze patient-specific data such as anatomy, pathology, and medical history to tailor IONM protocols and surgical plans to individual patients. This personalized approach can optimize surgical outcomes and minimize the risk of complications.
Continuous Learning and Improvement.
AI systems can continuously learn from new data and outcomes, refining their algorithms and improving their performance over time. This iterative process can lead to more accurate predictions and better decision support for surgeons.
Overall, the integration of AI into IONM holds great promise for enhancing the safety, efficiency, and effectiveness of neurosurgical procedures, ultimately benefiting patients by reducing the risk of nerve injury and improving surgical outcomes. However, it’s important to ensure that these AI technologies are rigorously validated and integrated into clinical practice in a responsible and ethical manner.
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In my next article i will be writing about Artificial intelligence based IONM machine.
Related to this topic.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8611194
https://neurointraoperative.com/wp-admin/post.php?post=1390&action=edit
Question.
What is the role of AI in functional neurosurgery?.
Is really AI useful in epilepsy surgery?.
Correlation between AI and IONM?
Is really AI will replace the human?.
How much is cost affect of AI in surgery?
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